Published books and other papers relating to contaminated air on aircraft

Aviation Contaminated Air Reference Manual. ISBN: 9780955567209 Published: 2007. Michaelis Susan (Capt). Head of Research at the GCAQE Available at: www.susanmichaelis.com Abstract: The Contaminated Air history in a fully referenced 844 page reference manual for the first time. This reference manual, which is the result of nearly ten years of research, is aimed at policy makers, doctors, scientists, air accident investigators, engineers, crews, passengers, airline and union representatives, politicians and media involved or interested in any aspect of the contaminated air debate on commercial and military aircraft.

2009 -- Down And Out. -- Mark Lacagnina -- Flight Safetey Foundation -- Aerosafetyworld, Jan 2009 PDF File 2009 -- Aerotoxic Syndrome – The Evidence -- Hooper GCAQE presentation (May 2009) PDF File 2008 -- An Attempt to Characterize the Frequency, Health Impact, and Operational Costs of Oil in the Cabin and Flight deck Supply Air on U.S. Commercial Aircraft, -- Murawski J, Supplee D -- DSTO, Dept of Defence Australia -- Journal of ASTM International, Vol. 5, No. 5 2008 PDF File 2008 -- The Current Debate. Preliminary Report On Aerotoxic Syndrome (As) And The Need For Diagnostic Neurophysiological Tests -- Hale M., Al-Seffar J -- Journal Of The Association Of Neurophysiological Scientists (2008) 2 PDF File 2008 -- Determination of ortho-cresyl phosphate isomers of tricresyl phosphate used in aircraft turbine engine oils by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, -- G. De Nola, J. Kibby, W. Mazurek -- DSTO, Dept of Defence Australia -- Journal of Chromatography A, 1200 (2008) 211–216 PDF File 2008 -- Design of a small personal air monitor and its application in aircraft -- C. Van Netten -- Sci Total Environ (2008), doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.07.067 PDF File 2008 -- Contaminated Air.Time To Act? -- S Michaelis -- Flight Safetey Foundation -- Aerosafetyworld, May2008 PDF File 2008 -- Cognitive function following exposure to contaminated air on commercial aircraft: A case series of 27 pilots seen for clinical purposes -- S Mackenzie Ross -- Journal of Nutritional &Environmental Medicine -- June 2008; 17(2): 111–126 PDF File 2007 -- Against Anti-health Epidemiology:Corporate Obstruction of Public Health via Manipulation of Epidemiology -- David Egilman MD, MPH, Samantha Howe -- Int J Occup Environ Health. VOL 13/NO 1, JAN/MAR 2007 PDF File 2007 -- Interests and the shaping of an occupational health and safety controversy: the BAe 146 case -- Nickolas Vakas -- University of Wollongong,Australia -- PhD Thesis Collection, 2007 PDF File 2007 -- Determination of airborne trialkyl and triaryl organophosphates originating from hydraulic fluids by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry Development of methodology for combined aerosol and vapor sampling -- K. Solbu, S.Thorud, M. Hersson, S. Øvrebø, D.G. Ellingsen, E. Lundanes, P. Molander -- Journal of Chromatography A, 1161 (2007) 275–283 PDF File 2006 -- Hazardous Chemicals on Jet Aircraft: Case Study-Jet Engine Oils and Aerotoxic Syndrome, -- C.Winder -- Current Topics in Toxicology. Vol 3 2006 PDF File 2006 -- Air Monitoring studies for aircraft cabin contamination -- C.Winder -- Current Topics in Toxicology. Vol 3 2006 PDF File 2006 -- Ill Health Following Exposure to Contaminated Aircraft Air: Psychosomatic Disorder or Neurological Injury, -- S. Mackenzie Ross, A. Harper, J. Burdon ----Journal of Occupational Health & Safety, Aust & NZNZ -- Vol 21, Number 5,August 2005 . PDF File 2005 -- Organophosphate and Amine Contamination of Cockpit Air in the Hawk, F-111 and Hercules C-130 Aircraft , -- PJ. Hanhela, J. Kibby, G. DeNola, W.Mazurek -- Australian Government, Department of Defence -- DSTO-RR-0303 -- October 2005 PDF File 2005 -- Illness Related to Cabin Air: A Survey of Symptoms and Treatment Among Commercial Pilots and Cabin Crew, -- A. Harper MD -- Journal of Occupational Health & Safety, Aust & NZNZ -- Vol 21, Number 5, August 2005. PDF File 2005 -- Lung Injury Following Hydrocarbon Inhalation in BAe 146 Aircrew, -- Jonathan Burdon MD and Allan R Glanville MD -- Journal of Occupational Health & Safety, Aust & NZNZ -- Vol 21, Number 5, August 2005. PDF File 2005 -- Assessing over Thirty Flight Crew who have Presented as a Result of Being Unwell after Exposure to Fumes on the BAe 146 Jet, -- Moira Somers MD -- Journal of Occupational Health & Safety, Aust & NZNZ -- Vol 21, Number 5,August 2005. PDF File 2005 -- Illness Related to Cabin Air: Aircraft Air Quality Incidents, Symptoms, Exposures and Possible Solutions, -- C. Van Netten -- Journal of Occupational Health & Safety, Aust & NZNZ -- Vol 21, Number 5, August 2005. PDF File 2005 -- Clinical Evaluation of Flight Attendants After Exposure to Fumes in Cabin Air, -- G heuser MD -- Journal of Occupational Health & Safety, Aust & NZNZ -- Vol 21, Number 5, August 2005. PDF File 2005 -- Contaminated air protection conference closing speech- BALPA , -- J. McAuslan -- General Secretary BALPA -- Journal of Occupational Health & Safety, Aust & NZNZ -- Vol 21, Number 5, August 2005. PDF File 2005 -- Occupational health research consortium in aviation research project, -- L. Kincl, J. Murawaski, S Hecker (OHRCA) -- Journal of Occupational Health & Safety, Aust & NZNZ -- Vol 21, Number 5, August 2005. PDF File 2005 -- The politics of aircraft health & safety, -- Rev J Woodley -- Journal of Occupational Health & Safety, Aust & NZNZ -- Vol 21, Number 5, August 2005. PDF File 2005 -- Contaminated air protection conference opening speech, -- P Tyler MP -- Journal of Occupational Health & Safety, Aust & NZNZ -- Vol 21, Number 5, August 2005. PDF File 2005 -- The politics of aircraft health & safety, -- Rev J Woodley -- Journal of Occupational Health & Safety, Aust & NZNZ -- Vol 21, Number 5, August 2005. PDF File 2005 -- Aviation Air Quality Again -- Editorial -- C.Winder, C Van Netten -- Journal of Occupational Health & Safety, Aust & NZNZ -- Vol 21, Number 5,August 2005. PDF File 2005 -- Manufacturing Uncertainty: Contested Science and the Protection of the Public’s Health and Environment, -- David Michaels, PhD, MPH, and Celeste Monforton, MPH -- Supplement 1, 2005, Vol 95, No. S1, American Journal of Public Health PDF File 2005 -- BALPA -- Contaminated Air Conference Proceedings, 20-21 April 2005, London PDF File 2005 -- Aircraft Air Quality Malfunction Incidents: Causation, Regulatory, Reporting and Rates, -- C.Winder, S.Michaelis -- Air Quality in airplane cabins and similar enclosed spaces -- The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry - Publisher: Springer-Verlag GmbH. August 2005. PDF File 2005 -- Aircraft Air Quality Malfunction Incidents - Crew Effects from Toxic Exposures on Aircraft, -- C.Winder, S.Michaelis -- Air Quality in airplane cabins and similar enclosed spaces -- The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry - Publisher: Springer-Verlag GmbH. August 2005. PDF File 2005 -- Aircraft Air Quality Malfunction Incidents: Design, Servicing, and Policy Measures to Decrease Frequency and Severity of Toxic Events', -- C.Winder, S.Michaelis -- Air Quality in airplane cabins and similar enclosed spaces -- The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry - Publisher: Springer-Verlag GmbH. August 2005. PDF File 2005 -- 'Aircraft air quality incidents, symptoms, exposures & possible solutions, C. Van Netten -- Air Quality in airplane cabins and similar enclosed spaces -- The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry - Publisher: Springer-Verlag GmbH. August 2005. PDF File 2005 -- 'Occupational and Public Health Risks, J MURAWSKI -- Association of Flight Attendants -- Air Quality in airplane cabins and similar enclosed spaces -- The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry - Publisher: Springer-Verlag GmbH. August 2005. PDF File 2005 -- Insecticide Use in Occupied Areas of Aircraft , J MURAWSKI -- Association of Flight Attendants -- Air Quality in airplane cabins and similar enclosed spaces -- The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry - Publisher: Springer-Verlag GmbH. August 2005. PDF File 2005 -- Doubt Is Their Product, -- David Michaels, PhD, MPH, -- Scientific American, June 2005. PDF File 2004 -- Organophosphorus Ester-Induced Chronic Neurotoxicity -- Abou-Donia MB, Archives of Environmental Health 58:484–497, 2004 PDF File 2004 -- In-Flight Smoke and Fumes -- Aviation Safety Spotlight 0304 -- Dr Bhupi Singh, MBBS, DipAvMed, MD, FAeMS, Senior Research Officer, Aviation Medecine, Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) PDF File 2003 -- Large Effects from Small Exposures. I. Mechanisms for Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals with Estrogenic Activity -- Wade V. Welshons et -- Feb 2003. 2003 -- A Survey of health Symptoms in BALPA Boeing 757 Pilots - S Michaelis - Journal of OH & S, Aust & NZ 19(3), 253-261 June 2003. PDF File 2003 -- Large Effects from Small Exposures. I. Mechanisms for Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals with Estrogenic Activity -- Wade V. Welshons et -- Feb 2003. 2003 -- Known Harmful Effects of Constituents of Jet Oil Smoke -- Naval Health Research Centre Detachment (Toxicoloy), -- Lt. Andrew Bobb, -- Feb 2003. 2002 -- The toxicity Of Commercial Jet Oil -- Chris Winder and Jean-Christophe Balouet - Environmental Research. Section A 89,146-164, 2002. 2002 -- Low level Exposures to Organophosphorus Esters May Cause Neurotoxicity -- Goran Jamal,Stig Hansen, Peter Julu - Toxicology 181/182 (2002) 23/33 2002 -- Aerotoxic Syndrome: A Descriptive Epidemiological Survey of Aircrew Exposed to In-Cabin Airborne Contaminants, -- C.Winder, P. Fonteyn, J.C. Balouet -- Journal of Occupational Health & Safety, Aust & NZNZ -- 18(4), 321-338--August 2002. PDF File 2002 -- Neuropsychological Assessment of a group of BAe 146 Aircraft Crew Members exposed to Jet Engine Oil Emissions, -- L. Coxon -- Journal of Occupational Health & Safety, Aust & NZ -- 18(4), 313-319--August 2002. PDF File 2002 -- A Survey of Health Symptoms in BAe 146 Aircrew, -- L. Cox,(Australian Federation of Air Pilots), S. Michaelis -- Journal of Occupational Health & Safety, Aust & NZ -- 18(4), 305-312 -- August 2002. PDF File 2002 -- Mechanisms of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity -- C. Winder -- Toxicology letters 128 (2002) 85-97 PDF File 2002 -- Editorial-Aircraft Cabin Fumes:An Aviation Safety Issue, S. Michaelis -- Journal of OH&S, Aust & NZ 18(4), 291-294 -- August 2002. PDF File 2001 -- Comparison of the Constituents of Two Jet Engine Lubricating Oils & Their Volatile Pyrolytic Degradation Products - C. van Netten & V. Leung. PDF File 2001 -- Corporate affiliation bias and BAe 146 aircraft: Senate report -- Andrew C. Harper. 2001 -- Effects of combinded exposure to vapours and mists at altitude - Balouet, J.-C., Winder, C. - Proceedings of the Colloque International Poussieres, Fumees et Brouillards sur les Lieux de Travail: Risques et Prevention ISSA, Toulouse, France, 11-13 June 2001. 2001 -- 2001 -- IFALPA - AUSALPA Air contamination paper --- L.Cox, S. Michaelis -- November 2001 --- Australia. 2001 -- Comparison of the Constituents of Two Jet Engine Lubricating Oils & Their Volatile Pyrolytic Degradation Products - C. van Netten & V. Leung. PDF File 2001 -- "Aircrew exposure to chemicals in aircraft: Symptoms of irritation and toxicity" C. Winder & J.C Balouet, The Journal of Occupational Health & Safety- Australia & New Zealand, Volume 17 # 5 October, 2001 2000 -- CASA -- Fit To Fly? -- FSA,-- Nov-Dec 1999 -- Dr. David Newman. PDF File 2000 -- CASA -- What Makes an Aircraft Airworthy -- FSA, May-June 2000 -- Bob Hoy. PDF File 2000 -- Comparison of the constituents of two jet engine lubricating oils and their volatile pyrolytic degradation products -- Van Netten C, Leung V -- Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 2000 Mar;15(3):277-83. 2000 -- Airborne Chemicals in-aircraft cabins -- A presentation to Aerospace Medical Association, Air Transport Medicine Symposium, Houston, May 7, 2000 -- Jean Christophe Balouet, Chris Winder. 2000 -- CASA -- What Makes an Aircraft Airworthy -- FSA, May-June 2000 -- Bob Hoy. PDF File 2000 -- Proceedings of the Aviation Air Quality Symposium, held at University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra, 7 December, 2000 - Published by School of Safety Science, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia - Aug 2001. 2000 -- Aerotoxic Syndrome - Adverse Health Effects Following Exposure to Jet Oil Mist During Commercial Flights. Winder C, Balouet JC. Towards a Safe and Civil Society, Proceedings of International Congress on Occupational Health 2000. ICOH, Brisbane: pp 196-199, September 2000. 1999 -- CASA -- CO Pilot -- FSA, -- Dr. David Newman. PDF File 1999 -- Aviation and exposure to toxic chemicals -- Jean Christophe BalouetT, Harry Hoffman, Chris Winder -- Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1999 -- CASA -- Fit To Fly? -- FSA,-- Nov-Dec 1999 -- Dr. David Newman. PDF File 1999 -- Cabin Crew Syndrome -- J. Wright BSN/Cabin Crew, and D. Clarke/Cabin Crew. 1998 -- --Contamination Oof Environmental Control Systems in Hercules Aircraft -- Kelso, AG., Charlesworth, JM., McVea, GG.-- Department of Defence. Defence Science and Technology Organisation. Materials Research Laboratory. Melbourne. MRL-R-1116. April 1988. 1998 -- -- Evidence given by A Thom & Dr J Burdon to Australian Senate Inquiry -- Thom A, Burdon J -- 1999 1998 -- In-Cabin Trace Chemicals and Crew Health Issues -- Dr Jean Christophe BALOUET, Sc. Dr. . 1998 -- Indoor Air Quality: Recommendations Relevant to Aircraft Passenger Cabins - M.B. Hocking PDF File 1997 -- International Labor Organisation ---Encyclopaedia of OH & S -- 1997 -- Sick Building Syndrome & MCS. 1993 -- DNA adduct formation in Salmonella typhimurium, cultured liver cells and in Fischer 344 rats treated with o-tolyl phosphates and their metabolites* -- A.Mentzscbel, S.Vamvakas1, W.Dekant and D.Henschler-- Carrinogenesis vol.14 no. 10 pp.2039-2043, 1993 1992 -- 1990 -- International Programme On Chemical Safety -- Environmental Health Criterai 110 --- TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE. 1986 -- National Academy of Sciences -- The Airliner Cabin Environment -- Air Quality & Safety, 1986. 1983 -- Smoke / Fumes in the Cockpit - R.Rayman, G. McNaughton -- Aviation Space & Environmental Medicine, August 1983, pp 738-740 1977 -- Human Intoxication Following Inhalation Exposure To Synthetic Jet Engine Lubricating Oil -- Montgomery MR, Wier GT-- Clinical Toxicology - 11:423–426 (1977). 1959 -- Relationships Between The Chemical Structure And The Paralyzing Action of Triaryl Phosphates. (Beziehungen Zwischen Chemisher Struktur Und Lahmungswirkung Von Triarylphosphaten.). -- Henschler, D. -- Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Exp. Path. u. Pharmak., Vol. 237, pp. 459-472, 1959. Department of Pharmacology. university of Wurzburg 1958 -- Die trikresylphosphatvergiftung. Experimentelle klärung von problemen der ätiologie und pathogenese (Tricresyl phosphate poisoning. Experimental clarification of problems of etiology and pathogenesis). -- Henschler, D.-- Klinische Wochenscrifte 36: 663-674, 1958. 1958 -- Toxikologische Untersuchungen Über Triphenylphosphat, Trixylenylphosphate Und Triarylphosphate Aus Mischungen Hologer Phenole (Toxicological Studies Of Triphenyl Phosphate, Trixylenyl Phosphate And Triaryl Phosphates From Mixtures Of Homologous Phenols). -- Henschler, D. Bayer, H.-- Archiv Experimental Pathologie Und Pharmakologie 233: 512-517, 1958.

 

Other interesting papers not currently available in electronic format...

An Attempt to Characterize the Frequency, Health Impact, and Operational Costs of Oil in the Cabin and Flight deck Supply Air on U.S. Commercial Aircraft, Journal of ASTM International, Vol. 5, No. 5 . Murawski J, Supplee D. Journal of ASTM International, Vol. 5, No. 5 2008 Cognitive function following reported exposure to contaminated air on commercial aircraft: An audit of 27 airline pilots seen for clinical purposes. . Mackenzie Ross S. UCL, London A report for the Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment. May 2006 Analysis and implications of aircraft disinsectants. Sci Total Environ 2002 Jul 3;293(1-3):257-62 van Netten C. Department of Health Care and Epidemiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. cvnetten@interchange.ubc.ca Abstract---Aircraft disinsection is required by various countries. In-flight spraying with a 2% phenothrin aerosol exposes passengers and crew directly. Residual spaying uses a permethrin emulsions in the absence of passengers and crew and results in dermal and oral exposures. Exposed passengers and crew often complain of, skin rashes, respiratory problems, tingling and numbness in fingertips and lips and burning eyes. A number of formulations were analyzed for their constituents using GLC-Mass. spec. Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were found in all aerosol preparations including, ethyl benzene and xylene isomers along with phenothrin. Residual sprays contained, cis-, and trans-, permethrins, palmidrol and occasionally naphthalene. Headspace analysis found methylene chloride and hexene derivatives but not the active ingredients. The known synergistic effects between organophosphates and pyrethrins, based on carboxyesterases inhibition, can be expected in the presence of Tricresylphosphates (TCPs), constituents found in jet engine oils and in some hydraulic fluids. During oil seal failure, the presence of TCP in the ventilation air could explain the increased sensitivity of some crew members and passengers to disinsectants. Hydraulic fluids and jet engine oil: pyrolysis and aircraft air quality. Arch Environ Health. 2001 Mar-Apr;56(2):181-6. Van Netten C, Leung V. Air Quality and Comfort Measurement Aboard a Commuter Aircraft and Solutions to Improve Perceived Occupant Comfort Levels. Air Quality and Comfort in airliner Cabins, ASTM STP1393,2000. Fox R. Analysis of two jet engine lubricating oils and a hydraulic fluid: Their pyrolytic breakdown products and their implications on aircraft air quality. Air Quality and Comfort in Airliner Cabins. 1393 ASTM 2000, pp. 61-75. Van Netten C Multi elemental analysis of jet engine lubricating oils and hydraulic fluids and their implication on aircraft air quality incidents. The Science of the Total Environment. 1999;229:125-129. Van Netten C. Mobil USA Submission to the Australian Senate Inquiry into Air Safety – BAe 146 Cabin Air Quality, November 1999. Mackerer, C.R., Ladov, E.N.. Air quality and Health effects associated with the operation of BAe 146-200 aircraft. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 13(10)733-739 (1998). C. Van Netten Neurological syndromes of organo-phosphorus compounds. Adverse Drug Reactions and Toxicology Reviews, 16, 133-170. Jamal, G. A. (1997) AMA CAT. Aviation Toxicology: An Introduction to the Subject and a Handbook of Data. Aero Medical Association Committee of Aviation Toxicology, Blakiston, 1953

Other related papers of interest...

2009 -- A Clash of Old and New Scientific Concepts in Toxicity with Important Implications for Public Health,--John Peterson Myers, R. Thomas Zoeller, and Frederick S. vom Saal -- ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES -- 2009 PDF File 2009 -- Supplementary Material for: Abnormal Brain Response to Cholinergic Challenge in Chronic Encephalopathy from the 1991 Gulf War -- Robert Haley et al -- PDF File 2009 -- Abnormal brain response to cholinergic challenge in chronic encephalopathy from the 1991 Gulf War -- Robert Haley et al -- Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 171 (2009) 207–220 PDF File 2008 -- Gulf War Syndrome (GWS) -- Hooper -- 2008 PDF File 2008 -- Gulf War Illness and the Health of Gulf War Veterans -- Scientific Findings and Recommendations - Research Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans’ Illnesses -- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, D.C. 2008 PDF File 2007 -- Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: a review with emphasis on key findings in biomedical research -- M Hooper -- J Clin Pathol 2007;60:466–471. doi: 10.1136/jcp.2006.042408 PDF File 2005 -- Mortality in US Army Gulf War Veterans Exposed to 1991 Khamisiyah Chemicals Munitions Destruction -- R.D. Horner, PhD, K.G. Kamins, PhD,(Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC.) et al.-- Neurology 2003;61:742-749 -- Conclusions: Exposure to chemical munitions at Khamisiyah may be associated with an increased risk of brain cancer death. Additional research is required to confirm this finding. 2003 -- Occurrence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis among Gulf War veterans -- Tim A. Bullman, MA, Clare M. Mahan, PhD, et al.-- August 2005, Vol 95, No. 8 | American Journal of Public Health 1382-1388 Conclusions: Military personnel who were deployed to the Gulf Region during the Gulf War period experienced a greater post-war risk of ALS than those who were deployed to the Gulf. 2003 -- Excess incidence of ALS in young Gulf War veterans -- Robert W. Haley, MD.-- Neurology 2003;61:750-756 -- Conclusions: The observed incidence of ALS in young Gulf War veterans exceeded the expected, suggesting a war-related environmental trigger. 2000 -- Hydrocarbon exposure and Parkinson’s disease G. Pezzoli, MD, M. Canesi, et al -- Neurology 2000 -- 55:667-673. PDF File 2000 -- Robert W. Haley MD et al -- Radiology 2000. Volume 215 . Number 3 pp 807-817. PDF File 1998 -- Mortality Among US Commercial Pilots And Navigators -- Nicholas, Joyce S. PhD; Lackland, Daniel T. DrPH;, et al -- Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine: Volume 40(11) November 1998 pp 980-985. PDF File 1995 -- Effect of Basal Ganglia Injury on Central Dopamine Activity in Gulf War Syndrome -- Robert W. Haley, MD; James L. Fleckenstein, MD; et al. -- Arch Neurol. 2000;57:1280-1285 -- Conclusions: The reduction in functioning neuronal mass in the left basal ganglia of these veterans with Gulf War syndrome seems to have altered central dopamine production in a lateralized pattern. This finding supports the theory that Gulf War syndrome is a neurologic illness, in part related to injury to dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia. 1995 -- A neurological disease cluster at a manufacturing plant -- KREBS J.; PARK R.; BOAL W. -- Archives of environmental health 1995, vol. 50, no3, pp. 190-195 Abstract: A case-control study was conducted an at automotive carburetor plant to investigate exposures associated with a cluster of cases exhibiting neurological symptoms that resembled multiple sclerosis. Eighteen cases were identified with symptom onset between 1970 and 1985. A delayed neuropathy arising from organophosphate exposure in hydraulic and machining fluids is proposed. 1981 -- Neurological Problems Arising in a Plant Manufacturing Tri-aryl Phosphates -- Morgan A -- Occupational Medicine 1981;31:139-143 Abstract: Three neurological cases are described whose clinical picture might cause problems in the differential diagnosis from that of tri-aryl phosphate poisoning. Case I is a case of disseminated sclerosis, Case 2 is one of primary muscular dystrophy and Case 3 is that of a peripheral neuropathy associated with pernicious anaemia. In this last case consideration was given to the possibility that the low serum cholinesterase, initially present, might be specific to the neurological condition per se rather than to the associated anaemia. The difficulties encountered with neurological disorders occurring in a factory manufacturing tri-aryl phosphates, demonstrate that full clinical neurological examination is of paramount importance and that the estimation of cholinesterase level cannot be used as a substitute for such an examination

"Articles Reproduced with permission of CCH Australia Limited. Originally published in the CCH Journal of Occupational Health and Safety -- Australia and New Zealand"